Low temperature triaxial test:

Three new temperatures controlled triaxial testing apparatuses, shown in figure below, were designed and adapted from the commercial triaxial test setup from Humboldt company and Geo-Jac company for the triaxial tests presented within this study. The schematic diagram of controlled triaxial testing apparatuses is shown in figure below. This new equipment can perform fully automated stress and strain-controlled tests at target freezing temperature. Triaxial setups with load capacity of 9kN and a 38mm stroke are used to applied deviatoric stress for constant temperature shearing. .

Temperature Range: -20°C to 20°C.

Confining Pressure Range: 0 to 2MPa

Freeze thaw cyclic test:

The HM-5030 Master Loader has a capacity of 50KN and the HM-5250.3F is a fully automated hydraulic pressure controller, which is highly accurate up to 3500kpa in pressure and 250ml in volume. The aluminum triaxial cell are available for use with soil sample size from 35mm to 100mm in diameter and has a capacity of 4MPa. It is assumed that this temperature corresponds to the temperature within the frozen sample.

Temperature Range: -15°C to 20°C.

Confining Pressure Range: 0 to 4MPa